Arbeitslosenversicherung – Wohlfahrtsstaatliche Regulierungen im internationalen Vergleich
von Thomas Groß, 11.2010
Der Vergleich von sozialen Sicherungssystemen, insbesondere der Einfluss unterschiedlicher politischer Systeme auf deren Ausgestaltung, ist ein zentrales Forschungsfeld der vergleichenden Wohlfahrtsstaatsforschung. Hierzu zählt auch die Arbeitslosenversicherung, als eine der ersten und zentralen sozialstaatlichen Errungenschaften (neben der Absicherung gegen die Risiken Alter und Krankheit).
Die nachfolgenden Titel thematisieren, immer in vergleichender Perspektive, die Ausgestaltung unterschiedlicher wohlfahrtsstaatlicher Regulierungen im Bereich der sozialen Absicherung gegen das Arbeitslosigkeitsrisiko.
Web-Links:
Wesentliches Schlagwort: Arbeitslosenversicherung
Wesentliches Schlagwort: Arbeitslosigkeit
Wesentliches Schlagwort: Arbeitsmarktpolitik
Wesentliche Person: Stéphane Pallage
Wesentliche Person: Gilles Saint-Paul
Wesentliche Person: Christian Zimmermann
Literaturliste
Unemployment insurance generosity : a trans-Atlantic comparison / Stéphane Pallage; Lyle Scruggs; Christian Zimmermann.
The goal of this paper is to establish if unemployment insurance policies are more generous in Europe than in the United States, and by how much. We take the examples of France and one particular American state, Ohio, and use the methodology of Pallage, Scruggs and Zimmermann (2008) to find a unique parameter value for each region that fully characterizes the generosity of the system. These two values can then be used in structural models that compare the regions, for example to explain the differences in unemployment rates. — Unemployment insurance ; labor market policy evaluation
- Unemployment insurance generosity : a trans-Atlantic comparison / Stéphane Pallage; Lyle Scruggs; Christian Zimmermann.
(2008) Working paper / University of Connecticut, Department of Economics ; 2008,43; Online-Ressource (12 S.).
- Unemployment insurance generosity : a trans-atlantic comparison / Stéphane Pallage; Lyle Scruggs; Christian Zimmermann.
(2008) IZA discussion papers ; 3869; Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 12 S.).
Measuring unemployment insurance generosity / Stéphane Pallage; Lyle Scruggs; Christian Zimmermann.
In this paper, we develop a methodology to summarize the various policy parameters of an unemployment insurance scheme into a single generosity parameter. Unemployment insurance policies are multdimensional objects. They are typically defined by waiting periods, eligibility duration, benefit levels and asset tests when eligible, which makes intertemporal or international comparisons difficult. To make things worse, labor market conditions, such as the likelihood and duration of unemployment matter when assessing the generosity of different policies. We build a first model with such complex characteristics. Our model features heterogeneous agents that are liquidity constrained but can self-insure. We then build a second model that is similar, except that the unemployment insurance is simpler: it is deprived of waiting periods and agents are eligible forever with constant benefits. We then determine which level of benefits in this second model makes agents indifferent between both unemployment insurance policies. We apply this strategy to the unemployment insurance program of the United Kingdom and study how its generosity evolved over time. — Unemployment insurance ; labor market policy evaluation
- Measuring unemployment insurance generosity / Stéphane Pallage; Lyle Scruggs; Christian Zimmermann.
(2008) Working paper / University of Connecticut, Department of Economics ; 2008,42; Online-Ressource (22 S.).
- Measuring unemployment insurance generosity / Stéphane Pallage; Lyle Scruggs; Christian Zimmermann.
(2008) IZA discussion papers ; 3868; Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 22 S.).
Heterogeneous labor markets and generosity towards the unemployment : an international perspective / Stéphane Pallage, Christian Zimmermann.
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Interessen und Ideen : Die Entstehung der Arbeitslosenversicherung in Deutschland und den USA
Biographical note: Sascha Münnich ist wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Max-Planck-Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung in Köln.
- Interessen und Ideen : Die Entstehung der Arbeitslosenversicherung in Deutschland und den USA
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Estimating incentive and welfare effects of non-stationary unemployment benefits / A. Launov and K. Wälde.
The distribution of unemployment duration in our equilibrium matching model with spell-dependent unemployment benefits displays a time-varying exit rate. Building on Semi-Markov processes, we translate these exit rates into an expression for the aggregate unemployment rate. Structural estimation using a German micro-data set (SOEP) allows us to discuss the effects of a recent unemployment benefit reform (Hartz IV). The reform reduced unemployment by only 0.3%. Contrary to general beliefs, we find that both employed and unemployed workers gain (the latter from an intertemporal perspective). The reason is the rise in the net wage caused by more vacancies per unemployed worker.
- Estimating incentive and welfare effects of non-stationary unemployment benefits / A. Launov and K. Wälde.
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- Estimating incentive and welfare effects of non-stationary unemployment benefits / Andrey Launov; Klaus Wälde.
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Economic downturn and stress testing European welfare systems / Francesco Figari; Andrea Salvatori; Holly Sutherland.
As unemployment rises across the European Union (EU) it is important to understand the extent to which the incomes of the new unemployed are protected by tax-benefit systems and to assess the cost pressures on the governments. This paper uses the EU tax-benefit model EUROMOD to explore these issues, comparing effects in five countries. It provides evidence on the differing degrees of resilience of the household incomes of the newly unemployed due to the variations in the protection offered by the tax-benefit systems, according to whether unemployment benefit is payable, the household situation of the unemployed person, and across countries
- Economic downturn and stress testing European welfare systems / Francesco Figari; Andrea Salvatori; Holly Sutherland.
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- Economic downturn and stress testing European welfare systems / Francesco Figari; Andrea Salvatori; Holly Sutherland.
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Unemployment risks and the origins of unemployment compensation / Wonik Kim.
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Arbeitslosenunterstützung im internationalen Vergleich
In Deutschland ist die Debatte um die Hartz-IV-Gesetzgebung neu eröffnet worden. Ein Vergleich der Daten aus 29 OECD-Ländern zeigt, dass im Durchschnitt von fünf Jahren ein Arbeitsloser in Deutschland eine Arbeitslosenunterstützung in Höhe von 45% des früheren Nettoeinkommens erhält. Damit liegt Deutschland zusammen mit Frankreich auf dem 7. Platz der hier betrachteten Länder.
- Arbeitslosenunterstützung im internationalen Vergleich
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Unemployment insurance in Europe : unemployment duration and subsequent employment stability / Konstantinos Tatsiramos.
“The empirical literature on unemployment insurance has focused on its direct effect on unemployment duration, while the potential indirect effect on employment stability through a more efficient matching process, as the unemployed can search for a longer period, has attracted much less attention. In the European context this is surprising as reform proposals of the unemployment insurance system aiming at reducing high European unemployment rates should consider both effects. This paper provides evidence on the effect of unemployment benefits on unemployment and employment duration in Europe, using individual data from the European Community Household Panel for eight countries. Country specific estimates based on a multivariate discrete proportional hazard model, controlling for observed and unobserved individual heterogeneity, suggest that even if receiving benefits has a direct negative effect increasing the duration of unemployment spells, there is also a positive indirect effect of benefits on subsequent employment duration. This indirect effect is pronounced in countries with relatively generous benefit systems, and for recipients who have remained unemployed for at least six months. In terms of the magnitude of the effect, recipients remain employed on average two to four months longer than non-recipients. This represents a ten to twenty per cent increase relative to the average employment duration, compensating for the additional time spent in unemployment. These findings are in line with theories suggesting a matching effect of unemployment insurance”–Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit web site
- Unemployment insurance in Europe : unemployment duration and subsequent employment stability / Konstantinos Tatsiramos.
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- Unemployment insurance in Europe : unemployment duration and subsequent employment stability / Konstantinos Tatsiramos.
(Aug. 2006) Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; 2280; Online-Ressource, 41 S., Text.
Does the welfare state make older workers unemployable? / Gilles Saint-Paul.
This paper discusses the specificities of the labor market for older workers. It discusses the implications of those specificities for the effect of labor market institutions on the employability of those workers. It shows that while unemployment benefits indexed backwards and hiring costs are likely to harm these workers more than the average worker, the converse is true for employment protection, provided it is uniform across workers and not specifically higher for older workers. It provides some evidence on the impact of labor market institutions on older workers by comparing their outcome in the United States and France. It discusses how the welfare state can be reformed in order to improve outcomes for older workers. — Older workers ; labor market institutions ; employment ; employment protection ; welfare state ; pensions ; retirement
- Does the welfare state make older workers unemployable? / Gilles Saint-Paul.
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- Does the welfare state make older workers unemployable? / Gilles Saint-Paul.
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- Does the welfare state make older workers unemployable? / Gilles Saint-Paul.
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Introducing unemployment insurance to developing countries / Milan Vodopivec.
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The Swedish Ghent system and trade unions under pressure / Anders Kjellberg.
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The labour market triangle : employment protection, unemployment compensation and activation in Europe / ed. by Paul de Beer ….
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Unemployment insurance and cultural transmission : theory and application to European unemployment / Jean-Baptiste Michau.
This paper emphasizes the two-way causality between the provision of unemployment insurance and the cultural transmission of work ethic. Values affect the size of the moral-hazard problem and, hence, the policy to be implemented. Conversely, when parents rationally choose how much effort to exert to raise their children to work hard, they form expectations on the policy that will be implemented by the next generation. In this context, I determine the dynamics of preferences across generations and show that the different cultural traits, i.e. high and low work ethics, are complementary. The model could generate a lag between the introduction of unemployment insurance and a deterioration of the work ethic. Relying on a calibration, I argue that it can account for a substantial fraction of the history of European unemployment since World War II. As this explanation is compatible with the co- existence of generous unemployment insurance and low unemployment in the 1950s and 1960s, it could be seen as an alternative to the dominant story that relies on the occurrence of large shocks since the 1970s. Supportive empirical evidence is provided.
- Unemployment insurance and cultural transmission : theory and application to European unemployment / Jean-Baptiste Michau.
(2009) CEP discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance ; 936; Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 51 S.).
Zur Ökonomie der Arbeitslosenversicherung / Ulrich Walwei.
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Unemployment compensation and high European unemployment : a reassessment with new benefit indicators / David R. Howell and Miriam Rehm.
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Unemployment and unemployment protection in transition economies / Vera Brusentsev and Wayne Vroman.
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(2008) Working paper / University of Delaware, Department of Economics ; 2008,15; Online-Ressource, (22, [9] S.).
Converging trends of social policy in Europe : social security benefit reform in the UK, the Netherlands and Finland / Minna van Gerven.
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Reduction of employment protection in OECD countries : its driving forces ; flexicurity (Forum) / Wolfgang Ochel ….
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Eine Arbeitslosenversicherung für die Eurozone : ein Vorschlag zur Stabilisierung divergierender Wirtschaftsentwicklungen in der Europäischen Währungsunion / Sebastian Dullien. Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, Deutsches Institut für Internationale Politik und Sicherheit.
- Eine Arbeitslosenversicherung für die Eurozone : ein Vorschlag zur Stabilisierung divergierender Wirtschaftsentwicklungen in der Europäischen Währungsunion / Sebastian Dullien. Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, Deutsches Institut für Internationale Politik und Sicherheit.
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Reforming labor market institutions : unemployment insurance and employment protection / Olivier Blanchard.
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Unemployment compensation recipiency in English-speaking countries / Vera Brusentsev and Wayne Vroman.
- Unemployment compensation recipiency in English-speaking countries / Vera Brusentsev and Wayne Vroman.
(2007) Working paper / University of Delaware, Department of Economics ; 2007,15; Online-Ressource (27 S.).
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