Auf dem Weg zu einem globalen Elektrizitätsmarkt
von Joachim Michel, 06.2010
Selected for the Global Economic Symposium 2010
In principle, solar and wind are more than enough to deliver any amount of energy mankind might want to demand. However, these sources are usually best exploitable in areas that are far from demand centres: It is technologically challenging to transport electricity over large distances and even more to store it; as a consequence electricity markets have developed as regional markets. To change this, proposals have been made recently to generate electricity e.g., by large-scale solar thermal power plants in North Africa and transport it through high voltage direct current power lines to the demand centres in Europe.
Projections claim that by 2050, 700 TWh electricity per year—this matches a rough quarter of the European electricity demand in 2006—can be transmitted, raising yearly revenues of 35 bn EUR. In addition, other world regions aim for an integration of regional power grids and sources: In January 2010, several European governments littoral to the North Sea announced to connect their production of wind energy. Yet, projections show that in the midterm the future energy mix for electricity generation will still contain fossil energy and nuclear power.
The share of the fossil energy in the future energy mix strongly depends on the implementation of low-carbon technologies like carbon capture and storage (CCS) and the ability to substitute lowcarbon for high-carbon energy sources. Nuclear power will also constitute an important option due to its provision of emission free power.
However, since there are unsolved major caveats of nuclear power, an expansion of the nuclear power share is not the complete answer to the energy puzzle:
- What are the options and their potential contributions to the future energy mix for electricity generation?
- What proportion of our energy needs will still have to be covered by fossil energy like gas, coal and nuclear power?
- How can the supply in regions that lack those energy sources be secured?
- What is the appropriate time frame for implementation in order to avert serious consequences of climate change?
- What is the politically feasible mix?
- What are the business challenges for energy companies in this changing environment?
- Are large scale projects for electricity generation a sensible strategy for large international energy companies to prepare for a carbon-free future?
- Or is the installation of decentralized small-scale systems the more efficient solution?
- Will it be possible to combine the two approaches? Or are they conflicting?
- How could a secure functioning of a global electricity market be guaranteed—especially if potentially instable states are involved?
- Will importing countries be willing to pay the price of a security loss for carbon free energy?
Literaturliste
The governance of network industries : institutions, technology and policy in reregulated infrastructure / ed. by Rolf W. Künneke ….
- (2009) Studies in evolutionary political economy; XVI, 212 S.
- Changing paradigms in electric energy systems / Maria Ili´c and Mariann Jelinek.
(2009) In: The governance of network industries. – 2009, S. 134-163.
Creating institutional arrangements that make markets work : the case of retail markets in the electricity sector / Jean-Michel Glachant.
- Creating institutional arrangements that make markets work : the case of retail markets in the electricity sector / Jean-Michel Glachant.
(2009) In: The governance of network industries. – 2009, S. 46-60.
International handbook on the economics of energy / ed. by Joanne Evans ….
- (2009) Cheltenham [u.a.]; XV, 831 S.
Optimal expansion of the power transmission grid : why not? / Thomas-Olivier Léautier; Véronique Thelen.
- Optimal expansion of the power transmission grid : why not? / Thomas-Olivier Léautier; Véronique Thelen.
(2009) In: Journal of regulatory economics. – Norwell, Mass. [u.a.]. – Bd. 36.2009, 2, (Okt.2009) S. 127-153.
Energy demand forecasts and climate policy agenda : a sustainable energy mix needs to be clean, clever and competitive / Claudia Kemfert.
- Energy demand forecasts and climate policy agenda : a sustainable energy mix needs to be clean, clever and competitive / Claudia Kemfert.
(2010) In: Trends and issues in global tourism 2010. – Berlin. – 2010, S. 47-54.
Power markets and economics : structure, costs, operation / Barrie Murray.
- Power markets and economics : structure, costs, operation / Barrie Murray.
(2009) Chichester, West Sussex; XVII, 307 S.
An integrated approach to energy prospects for North America and the rest of the world / Andrea M. Bassi; Robert Powers; William Schoenberg.
- An integrated approach to energy prospects for North America and the rest of the world / Andrea M. Bassi; Robert Powers; William Schoenberg.
(2010) In: Energy economics. – Amsterdam. – Bd. 32.2010, 1, (Jan.2010) S. 30-42.
Competitive electricity markets : questions remain about design, implementation, performance / Fereidoon P. Sioshansi.
- Competitive electricity markets : questions remain about design, implementation, performance / Fereidoon P. Sioshansi.
(2008) In: The electricity journal. – Congers, NY. – Bd. 21.2008, 2, (Mar.2008) S. 74-87.
The grand energy transition : the rise of energy gases, sustainable life and growth, and the next great economic expansion / Robert A. Hefner III.
- The grand energy transition : the rise of energy gases, sustainable life and growth, and the next great economic expansion / Robert A. Hefner III.
(2009) Hoboken, NJ; XVII, 270 S.
Global energy transformation : four necessary steps to make clean energy the next success story / Mats Larsson.
- Global energy transformation : four necessary steps to make clean energy the next success story / Mats Larsson.
(2009) Basingstoke, Hampshire [u.a.]; ix, 306 p.
Future energy : improved, sustainable and clean options for our planet / ed. by Trevor M. Letcher.
- Future energy : improved, sustainable and clean options for our planet / ed. by Trevor M. Letcher.
(c2008) Amsterdam [u.a.]; XXII, 376 p., [16] p. of plates.
The prospects for electricity and transport fuels to 2050 / Geoff Dutton and Matthew Page.
- The prospects for electricity and transport fuels to 2050 / Geoff Dutton and Matthew Page.
(2008) In: Future energy. – Amsterdam [u.a.]. – 2008, S. 347-370.
Worshipping Helios: solar plants offer large scale electricity production / David Jones.
- Worshipping Helios: solar plants offer large scale electricity production / David Jones.
(2007) In: Energy economist. – London. – Bd. 310.2007, (Aug.2007) S. 10-13.
Global energy and environmental scenarios : implications for development policy / Dirk Willenbockel.
- Global energy and environmental scenarios : implications for development policy / Dirk Willenbockel.
(2009) Discussion paper / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik ; 2009,8; 36 S.
Facing global environmental change : environmental, human, energy, food, health and water security concepts ; [carefully revised papers from three workshops at ISA (Montreal), IPRA (Sopron) and the Fourth Pan European Conference on International Relations (The Hague) and additional commissioned papers] / Berghof Foundation. Hans Günter Brauch … (eds.).
- (c 2009) Hexagon series on human and environmental security and peace ; 4; XLVIII, 1586 S.
- Projections of fossil energy reserves and supply until 2050 (2100) : implications for longer-term energy supply security / Werner Zittel and Joerg Schindler.
(2009) In: Facing global environmental change. – 2009, S. 365-377.
Scenarios of energy demand and supply until 2100 : implications for energy security / Leo Schrattenholzer.
- Scenarios of energy demand and supply until 2100 : implications for energy security / Leo Schrattenholzer.
(2009) In: Facing global environmental change. – 2009, S. 355-364.
Energy scenarios : toward a new energy paradigm / Tessaleno Devezas; David LePoire; João C. O. Matias; Abílio M. P. Silva.
- Energy scenarios : toward a new energy paradigm / Tessaleno Devezas; David LePoire; João C. O. Matias; Abílio M. P. Silva.
(2008) In: Futures. – Amsterdam. – Bd. 40.2008, 1, (Feb.2008) S. 1-16.
The economics and politics of climate change / ed. by Dieter Helm ….
- (2009) Oxford [u.a.]; XXIV, 538 S.
- Climate-change mitigation from renewable energy : its contribution and cost / Richard Green.
(2009) In: The economics and politics of climate change. – 2009, S. 284-301.
Solar energy on a global scale : its impact on security / David Faiman.
- Solar energy on a global scale : its impact on security / David Faiman.
(2009) In: Facing global environmental change. – 2009, S. 395-410.
Energy portfolios / eds. U. Aswathanarayana; Rao S. Divi.
- Energy portfolios / eds. U. Aswathanarayana; Rao S. Divi.
(c 2009) Boca Raton, Fla. [u.a.]; XXVII, 336 S.
Energy demand and climate change : issues and resolutions / Franklin Hadley Cocks.
- Energy demand and climate change : issues and resolutions / Franklin Hadley Cocks.
(2009) Weinheim; XVI, 251 S.
Concentrating solar power / Robert Pitz-Paal.
- Concentrating solar power / Robert Pitz-Paal.
(2008) In: Future energy. – 2008, S. 171-192.
- Proceedings of the 11th SolarPACES International Symposium on Concentrated Solar Power and Chemical Energy Technologies : September 4 – 6, 2002, Zurich, Switzerland / Paul Scherrer Institut, PSI; ETH, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich … Ed.: A. Steinfeld.
(2002) Villigen: Paul Scherrer Institut; 720 S.
- Solar thermal 2000 : proceedings of the 10th SolarPACES International Symposium on Solar Thermal Concentrating Technologies, Sydney, Australia, 8 – 10 March 2000 ; part of the “Renewable Energy for the New Millennium” conference / [ESAA, Electricity Supply Association of Australia Limited]. Ed.: Holger Kreetz ….
(2000) Sydney; 320 S.
- Solar thermal 2000 : proceedings of the 10th SolarPACES International Symposium on Solar Thermal Concentrating Technologies, Sydney, Australia, 8 – 10 March 2000 ; part of the “Renewable Energy for the New Millennium” conference / [ESAA, Electricity Supply Association of Australia Limited]. Ed.: Holger Kreetz ….
(1997) Heidelberg; XVII S., S. 443 – 1131.
Biofuels, solar and wind as renewable energy systems : benefits and risks / David Pimentel (ed.).
- Biofuels, solar and wind as renewable energy systems : benefits and risks / David Pimentel (ed.).
(2008) [Dordrecht]; XXI, 504 S.
Energy security : re-measuring the world / Sascha Müller-Kraenner.
- Energy security : re-measuring the world / Sascha Müller-Kraenner.
(2008) London [u.a.]; XIII, 170 S.
Energy supply and renewable resources / Regina Anne Kelly.
- Energy supply and renewable resources / Regina Anne Kelly.
(c 2007) Global issues; X, 406 S.
Renewable energy futures : targets, scenarios and pathways / Eric Martinot, Carmen Dienst, Liu Weiliang, and Chai Qimin.
- Renewable energy futures : targets, scenarios and pathways / Eric Martinot, Carmen Dienst, Liu Weiliang, and Chai Qimin.
(2007) In: Annual review of environment and resources. – Palo Alto, Calif.. – Bd. 32.2007, S. 205-239.
Nuclear energy / Malcolm Grimston.
- Nuclear energy / Malcolm Grimston.
(2007) In: The new energy paradigm. – 2007, S. 372-410.
- Future electricity technologies and systems / ed. by Tooraj Jamasb ….
(2006) Occasional papers / University of Cambridge, Department of Applied Economics ; 67; XXVII, 426 S.
- Double or quits? : the future of civil nuclear energy / Malcolm C. Grimston and Peter Beck.
(2002) London; XII, 237 p.
Global electrification : multinational enterprise and international finance in the history of light and power, 1878 – 2007 / William J. Hausman; Peter Hertner; Mira Wilkins.
- Global electrification : multinational enterprise and international finance in the history of light and power, 1878 – 2007 / William J. Hausman; Peter Hertner; Mira Wilkins.
(2008) Cambridge studies in the emergence of global enterprise; XXIV, 487 S.
Wesentliches Schlagwort: Energieprognose
Wesentliches Schlagwort: Energieversorgung
Wesentliches Schlagwort: Regenerative Energie
Regionale Aspekte: Welt – Regenerative Energie
Das könnte Sie auch interessieren:
|
Wiwi-Werkbank Wir präsentieren hier Literaturlisten und andere Werkzusammenstellungen zu aktuellen Wirtschaftsthemen
|
